residential dwellings and building types | Level of stories |
low-rise | under 4 stories |
medium-rise | from 4 to 7 stories |
high-rise | over 7 stories |
*Classifications are needed because different types of buildings require different types of onsite storage for the routine waste handling operations.
Factors considered for onsite storage of solid waste
Factors for onsite storage | Why this factor is considered? |
Effects of storage on the waste components | Biological decomposition, the absorption of fluids, the contamination of waste components, |
Type of container used | Depends on the characteristics and types of solid wastes to be collected, the type of collection system in use, the collection frequency, and the space available for the placement of containers |
The container location | Depends on the type of dwellings or commercial and industrial facilities, the available space, and access to collection services |
Public health and aesthetics | Public health concerns are related primarily to the infestation of vermin and insects (potential disease vectors); Aesthetic considerations are related to the production of odours and the unsightly conditions |
Type of on-site storage
Picture | Name; description |
 | 120L bulk bins ; 240L bulk bins ; 660L bulk bins Mostly for commercial building –shopping centre, school, when waste fully accumulate, it is disposal off at the waste disposal site |
 | 95, 150, 250L bins Mostly for old HDB (with low-medium-rise), with the each apartment disposal area. Waste is being accumulate, when full it being disposal off at the waste disposal site |
 | Compactor For newly-build HDB, each story has its own disposal area, waste are channel down to the compactor and being carried away by the manually loaded vehicle systems; SCS |
 | Portable compactor with 18 m3 capacity Mostly for shopping centre, when “120L bulk bins ; 240L bulk bins ; 660L bulk bins accumulate with waste, it is being throw into disposal site. Auto-mated button allow the compactor to compact the waste |
 | Haulable open top container with 20-50 yd3 capacity. For Industrial waste, Construction site, where waste are being throw into these on-site storage and when it is full it is being carry away by tilt-frame truck; operated by HCS to disposal site |
Waste collections systems can be are generally classified into two categories according to their mode of operation:
a. Hauled container systems (HCS) – the containers used for the storage of wastes are hauled (拖) to the disposal site, emptied, and returned to either their original location or some other location, e.g. hoist truck, tilt-frame, and trash-trailer systems, Haulable open top container with 20-50 yd3 capacity
b. Stationary container systems (SCS) – the containers used for the storage of wastes remain at the point of generation, except when they are moved to the curb or other location to be emptied, e.g. compactor, mechanically or manually loaded systems
Hauled container systems (HCS) | Stationary container systems (SCS) |
-More traveling distance -Might need an additional container; Might not always have a bin at the waste disposal site (dependent on which system is use) -HCS is mostly for solid waste collection from industries (high waste generation rate) | -Lesser travelling distance -Need to be mechanically loaded systems -Mostly seen in Municipal solid waste -For those with lower waste generation rate (able to contain more) |
Pneumatic Waste Collection system
Pneumatic Waste Collection is a new system consists of loading doors, underground airtight pipes with conveyance system, and waste collection facilities with odor and dust removal mechanism.
Advantages over conventional collection | Disadvantages over the conventional collection |
• Enclosed system improves hygiene standards • Automated processing system increases efficiency • Flexible location for one collection point increase aesthetic • Safety and space friendly • Low noise operation • Odor and dust control | • High investment costs. • Inconveniences are caused to inhabitants and businesses during the execution of construction works • Possibility of blockages occurring in tubes and drop off points. |
Guidelines used and application to develop a collection framework
Plan out efficient collection routes so that both the collectors and equipment are used effectively | Collection route constraints, panning of waste collection routes with estates -No U-turns in streets -Collection from each side of the street with stand-up right-hand-drive collection -Avoid overlapping of routes Know the waste generation rates per week and determine the number of collection trip, this will involves Collection vehicle capacity, Number of Waste generated, total residence within estates, etc... |
Factors influence the means and methods of solid waste collection, i.e., fixed, more or less fixed and adjustable factors | Include “fixed factors” which influences the means and methods of solid waste collection. |
objective for Waste on-site storage system
- Factor to consider for on-site waste storage system; Building classifications and Appropriate bin selection depending on effects of waste storage, type and capacity of containers, location, and public health and aesthetics.
- Different types of collection systems, i.e., Hauled Container Systems (HCS) vs. Stationary Container Systems (SCS) - the equipment used, and the types of wastes collected
- Pneumatic Waste Collection – it pro and cons
- Guideline for a waste collection framework